Accord And Satisfaction Florida Affirmative Defense, Stephen Maness Chapel Hill, Articles H

), coats and sweaters and two small suitcases for their clothes, a set of tools including two jacks, a spade, and a firemans ax, a block and tackle with 150 feet of hemp rope, a small Kodak camera to record his trip (this just warms my little memory-keeping heart! Jackson and his wife planned to return to their Burlington, Vermont, home in a few days, and both had been taking automobile driving lessons while in San Francisco. African American History Curatorial Collective. [14][15], The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major (Medical Corps) Horatio N. Jackson, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with 313th Infantry Regiment (attached), 79th Division, A. E. F., near Montfaucon, France, September 26-29, 1918. The travelers eventually reached Omaha, Nebraska, on July 12. "The majority opinion expressed was that, save for short distances, the automobile was an unreliable novelty," Jackson later wrote. Just 4 days after declaring his intentions, he had found a car and a chauffeur. Besides his medical practice, Jackson was an auto enthusiast who differed with the then-prevailing wisdom that the automobile was a passing fad and a recreational plaything. This article about a historical documentary film is a stub. We left Caldwell at eight oclock and after running a few miles out of town I found that I had forgotten my coat. It will be undertaken by Dr. H. Nelson Jackson of Vermont and S.K. Horatio Nelson Jackson (March 25, 1872 - January 14, 1955) . The next day they arrived in Ontario, Oregon, where supplies waited for them. . Enter Horatios Drive: Americas First Road Trip, a documentary produced by Ken Burns. Soon enough though, while traveling though the alkali flats of eastern Oregon and Idaho, they noticed that the harsh environment irritated Buds eyes. The family all turned out to stare at us and told us we'd have to go back.We went back, and met the red-haired young woman again. Jackson and S.K. Even before we had cars, Americans have been drawn out to explore the unknown horizons. It was for $50 and made on the spur of the moment, over drinks at the San. All day yesterday it was visited by admiring automobilists, and curious passersby peeped in upon it. Horatio Nelson Jackson departed San Francisco on May 23rd, 1903 for what was to become America's first ever road trip - and all because of a 50 dollar bet made just 5 days prior. "Which way to Marysville?" [6] Before reaching Cheyenne, however, the car's wheel bearings gave out, and Crocker had to talk a farmer into letting them have the wheel bearings of his mowing machine. Indeed had a flying machine lit down in their midst it would not have created greater astonishment. [17][18], In 1944, Jackson gave his Winton, the Vermont, to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where it is preserved.[6]. 1st auto passed thru yesterday; came via Camas Prairie and Croy Gulch to Hailey, "hence to Bellevue and on to Blackfoot." Your Privacy Choices (Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads). WhenWorld War Ibroke out, Jackson was considered too old to serve, but he contactedPresident Theodore Roosevelt and volunteered to became a commissioned officer. Be amazed! It turned out that the dusty alkali flats the travelers encountered would bother Bud's eyes so much (the Vermont had neither a roof nor windshield) that Jackson eventually fitted him with a pair of goggles. Jackson was unable to buy a new tire, but purchased some used inner tubes. [6], Jackson continued to reside in Burlington, Vermont, with his wife Bertha and Bud the dog. Hmm, perhaps youve never stopped to think about it before. About 15 miles (24km) from home his car once again broke down. His two brothers, each driving his own automobile, came to help him get going again. Whether or not a bet was really made, it did happen rather suddenly. )[11], A longtime member of the Vermont National Guard when World War I broke out, Jackson was considered too old for active service, but he contacted former President Theodore Roosevelt (whom he had met at some point in Burlington), through whose influence Jackson was placed on active duty as a captain in the Medical Corps. Fortunately, Jackson was an optimist. As the nineteenth century came to an end, there were only 8,000 cars in the United States compared to 14 million horses. With 146 illustrations and 1 map Read more Print length 192 pages Language English Postcard from the mid-1920s of a scene near Pocatello, Idaho before the road was officially named U.S. Highway 30.; (map on right) Route of Horatio's journey, arriving in Soda Springs June 16, 1903. You are the best little wife in the world and I am a mighty lucky fellow to have you.Yes, old girl, I appreciate it, if, sometimes I have a queer way of showing it.Four years tomorrow!!!! Jackson chose a cherry red 1903 Winton Company touring car. On their arrival, the mud besmirched and travel stained vehicle which had borne them so faithfully and sturdily over fifty-six hundred miles of roads between the Pacific and the Atlantic was housed in a garage in West 58th Street. Following the war, he became one of the founders of theAmerican Legion, and twice ran forGovernor of Vermont. Darling Swipes,The car is at the shop & they are to work all night so that I can get away in the morning. Peter's car is 100 years old, and he has to worry about semi-trucks.". ", Bud, wrote Jackson, was "the one member of (our) trio who used no profanity on the entire trip.". We only made 45 miles in our direct route. Press Clipping from Horatio Nelson Jacksons road trip across America. One hundred years later, another doctor is following in Jackson's patched tire tracks. Jackson was seated in a gentleman's club when he overheard a discussion at another table about the impracticability of automobiles. Horatio Nelson Jackson (March 25, 1872 - January 14, 1955) was an American automobile pioneer. Jackson had made it from San Francisco in 63 days, 12 hours, and 30 minutes - well within his wager of 90 days. There had to be an easier way to win a $50 bet. Dr. Jackson left his practice after a diagnosis of tuberculosis. The press came out at every stop to take their picture and conduct interviews. Yet the young retired doctor, along with a mechanical assistant and a dog, took up the . All Rights Reserved. Before leaving, the machine will have a thorough overhauling and be put into condition for fast running. Enough gasoline can be carried to run the machine 250 miles. Jackson decided to take a more northerly route. He also had the sense to hire a good bicycle-turned-car mechanic in Crocker. It was a fascinating story, full of experiences that I could totally relate to while at the same time it was an adventure I could hardly imagine. The automobile with Jackson and Crocker, crossing the continent, which left here Thursday was badly smashed up twelve miles east of this city on a smooth road while running twenty five miles an hour. They often I asked her. But when he, his mechanic, Sewall Crocker, and American bulldog Bud arrived in New York, a new era in American transportation had begun. Contents 1 Early life and medical career 2 Cross-country drive 2.1 Wager and preparation 2.2 Journey 3 Later life and their dog Bud made the first successful transcontinental automobile trip. The Pres of the firm with his associates came out & we had quite a procession into the city. This historical marker was erected by America's Byways. The film is based on the book of the same name by Dayton Duncan. Subsequently, their mileage took a sharp increase andtheir rate of trail damage sharply decreased. Traveled at 40 mph, and "said they sometimes spurted up to 60 miles an hour.". 15 miles into the journey, they blew the first of what would be many, many tires. They offered locals rides in the car in exchange for a "wild west show". Constantly working in the face of heavy machine-gun and shell fire, Major Jackson was most devoted in his attention to the wounded, always present in the line of advance, directing the administering of first aid, and guiding the work of litter bearers. On May 23, 1903 the car was transported by ferry from San Francisco to Oakland and pointed eastward. The first American automobiles had been built only 10 years earlier, and most people in America had never set eyes on the wildly expensive contraptions. He twice ran for Governor of Vermont. [citation needed]. LOS ANGELES, Oct. 5 (UPI) -- On May 23, 1903, Horatio Nelson Jackson was just two days into his grand adventure of becoming the first person . In addition to owning and publishing the Burlington Daily News, he was head of the Burlington Trust Company, and owned and operated radio station WCAX (now WVMT). "They've never seen an automobile. It has been an awful long time to us and I shall be mighty glad when we are on the way again and unless another serious accident happens we ought to be able to make good time across these plainsWell, tomorrow is our anniversary & I wish I could be with you. In Idaho, Jackson acquired Bud, and the bulldog accompanied the pioneering motorists to the East Coast. Generally speaking, America in 1903 hadno roadsbetween cities, towns, or any other landmarks for that matter. So many windmills! Explore the Winton touring car, which Jackson took on his historic trip. He accepted, even though at age 31 he did not own a car, had practically no experience driving, and had no maps to follow. Until that time, the current route was but a well-traveled wagon road parallel with the Oregon Short Line railroad. The threat of the other teams would spur Jackson and Horatio on, pushing them to step up their pace across the unending Great Plains of Nebraska and beyond. "Ocean to Ocean in an Automobile Car," Stephen Sears, Bud grew so accustomed to his riding goggles that "he would not begin the day's drive without them. Who knew there were, Are there any other thesaurus lovers out there? Horatio Jackson's Winton in the Smithsonian. This post contains affiliate links. Watch me now come to you.Nel. In Caldwell, Idaho, they met a man who offered them a dog as a mascot. Bud, a bulldog, accompanied the drivers, and was featured in many news photos. The first effort to cross the country in 1899 ended inauspiciously for the car. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), A Sky Full of Adventure at the Balloon Museum, The Right Word Peter Roget and His Thesaurus, Mosquitos - What are they good for? Jackson was one of the founders of the American Legion Department of Vermont. I had to know more! Having no mechanical experience, Jackson convinced a young mechanic and chauffeur, Sewall K. Crocker, to serve as his travel companion, mechanic, and backup driver. At one point he was ticketed for exceeding the 6mph (9.7km/h) speed limit in Burlington. Quite a flurry of excitement was erected Saturday evening by the arrival of an automobile. ), additional tanks to hold extra oil and gasoline for emergencies. Packard and Oldsmobile had for several months been meticulously planning similar trips with expert drivers and mechanics, support crews and modified cars when Jackson simply loaded up the Winton and split. The thick coating of mud gave evidence that it had been somewhere and that somewhere a long way off. They left from New York and traveled so slowly that a one-armed bicyclist who started 10 days after them passed them before they made it to Syracuse at which point they abandoned the attempt. York City. Source: 'The Mad Doctor's Drive,' by Ralph Nading Hill; 'Winton 1903,' by Peter C. Kesling. After delivering their luggage to the section boss we started on for Bitter Creek, crossing two rivers over the railroad bridge. All Rights Reserved. The automobile was about to transform American life. In honor of its achievement it was decorated with tiny flags and draped with national standards. We shall now try & make a record trip. Sewall K. Crocker Sewall K. Crocker, a 22-year-old former professional bicycle racer from Tacoma, Washington, was working in. Challenged by a sales manager for Maxwell automobiles, He is a mighty good man.I am fine and the only trouble is I miss you so.Nelson, We met a red-haired young woman riding along on a white horse. Driving an automobile from coast to coast in 1903 was a difficult and daring achievement. My darling Swipes. It had no windshield and no top. Nelson Jackson, a physician and businessman from Burlington, Vermont, captured the nation's attention when he and Sewall K. Crocker, a mechanic, drove from California to New York. At the next available stop they outfitted Bud with a pair of goggles which Bud wore without fuss for most of the rest of the journey. touring car, named it Vermont, and headed east. Churning dust irritated Buds eyes, and Jackson purchased this pair of goggles for him. In 1903, Horatio Nelson Jackson, a doctor from Vermont, was in San Francisco with his wife when he made a bet. Finally, the end is in sight! Even before roads stretched across the nation, well-publicized cross-country automobile trips advertised car manufacturers, promoted political causes, and proved Theres also a book which I grabbed on my very next visit to the library. From there on, they were able to use a few paved roads, and their trip was much easier. By 1900, he had given up his medical practice and was happily spending his wife Bertha's money on property, travel, horses and, most recently, automobiles. Broke down again, Jackson rented a bicycle from a nearby rancher, rode the 25 miles back to town, suffered his own flat tire, and eventually returned with the fuel. At this point, the trio became celebrities. Thanks for stopping by my campfire to share a story. Horatio's Drive is a co-production of Florentine Films and WETA. The finishing dash over the plains to the East Coast was as much a struggle with the "buffalo wallows" as it was with the car, but in the end Jackson was not to be denied. Most. At 4:30 a.m. on July 26, 1903, Jackson and Crocker crossed the Harlem River into Manhattan to their final destination of the Holland House Hotel. Lets follow along on his journey, shall we? California to New York. On the first night of the journey they discovered that the side lanterns were too dim. Horatio's Drive: America's First Road Trip View history Horatio's Drive: America's First Road Trip is a 2003 documentary film directed by Ken Burns and written by Dayton Duncan. Jackson died on January 14, 1955 in Burlington, Vermont and was buried in the Lakeview Cemetery there. His siblings included John Holmes Jackson, who served several terms as mayor of Burlington, Vermont. she drove a Maxwell touring car from New York to San Francisco in 59 days. I feel more confident that I can make New YorkWe are causing a great sensation along the road it is the first machine that has ever gone over these mountains. After Cheyenne, Jackson and Horatio both knew that the hard part of the journey was now behind them. Those who had seen automobiles mostly complained about the noise and dust they caused and their tendency to spook horses. I have lost 5 days. While crossing the Rocky Mountains, they were moving boulders by hand out of their path. Horatio's Drive: America's First Road Trip TV Movie 2003 TV-G 1 h 47 m IMDb RATING 8.0 /10 546 YOUR RATING Rate Documentary Adventure History The saga of Horatio Nelson Jackson, the first man to cross the United States by automobile--in 1903! Copyright20062023,Somerightsreserved. On July 21, they set out from Cleveland, Ohio, to finish the last leg of the journey. After removing the backseat to make room for more gear, they packed the following items to begin the long journey: Unfortunately, a lot of their gear bounced out the back as they drove without them realizing it and several things were lost including two pairs of Jacksons eyeglasses. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate. In the spring of 1903, on a whim and a fifty-dollar bet, Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson set off from San Francisco in a 20-horsepower Winton touring car hoping to become the first person to cross the . Jackson did manage to find a telegraph office and wired back to San Francisco for replacement tires to be transported to them along the journey. [1] His siblings included John Holmes Jackson, who served several terms as mayor of Burlington, Vermont. Or sometimes I just need to, Read More The Right Word Peter Roget and His ThesaurusContinue, If youve never heard of Snowflake Bentley, then Ive got a treat for you! Take good care of yourself & dont worry. [6] When their tires blew out they were required to wind rope around the wheels. , The route of US 30 traces its origin to the early 1900s. Here we were advised to changed our course a little and take the left hand road of the R. R. One old fellow said keep to the left road. (1) 'Bud,' a stray American bulldog, joined the journey. Im laid-back, sometimes scattered, a little curious, love to laugh, and always up for a fun road trip. Interested in having your company's ad featured on Basin & Range Magazine? Louise Davis wrote of their attempt, The automobile is a treacherous animal for a long trip.. He also served as a senior officer in the Officer Reserve Corps. Just as soon as I can get decent tires we will make a record run. Let's share the joy of discovery together. What part of history will come to life when we see it with our own eyes? Basin & Range is the premier resource for living the Active Outdoor Western Lifestyle. He'd Have to Get Under Get Out and Get Under (to Fix Up His Automobile), "The First Cross-Country Road Trip Took 2 Men and a Pitbull 63 Days", "Three Transports in with Men and Supplies", "Col. Jackson, Legion's Father in Vt., Is Dead", "Persons from Many Parts of Vt. to Attend Col. Jackson's Funeral", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horatio_Nelson_Jackson&oldid=1135349527, Bertha Richardson Wells (m. 1899 d. 1954), first U.S. cross country trip by automobile, This page was last edited on 24 January 2023, at 03:30. No sooner than Jackson had finished the repair however, that they then suffered a gasoline leak which wasted all their available fuel. Please give my best love to your mother & tell [my] father & mother that I love them as much as ever. The 1903 Winton trip "was a pivotal moment in American automotive history," said Roger White, curator of an exhibition later this year at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History called "America on the Move." They helped prove that long-distance road travel was a realif expensive and difficultpossibility. We took that road for miles and then it came to a dead end at an isolated farmhouse. In addition to the effect the rough roads had on their possessions, it also took its toll on the Winton and their equipment. In those days, almost all of the paved roads were in cities, and most people traveled no more than 12 miles from their homes. History of Ballooning The first exhibit tells about the history of ballooning from 1783 to the current day. We had no trouble in crossing railroad bridges With practice, bumping over bridge ties is no great task. We are spending most of the time trying to get out of water and mud holes. Sign up to get updates about the film and future projects from Ken Burns and Florentine Films. It got people thinking about long-distance highways.". Jackson was unable to buy a new tire, but purchased some used inner tubes. Constitution Avenue, NW Horatio Nelson Jacksons road trip occasionally picked up help from more traditional means, More trailside repairs on Horatio Nelson Jacksons 1903 Road Trip, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window). There will be breakdowns and tears and stories to last you through the years so get out there and start exploring! Jackson and Crocker face obstacle after obstacle on their trip. 1684; 20-horsepower, two-cylinder engine; nicknamed the 'Vermont' by Jackson, Car price: $2,500 Gasoline price range on trip: $0.35 to $1.05 per gallon Estimated miles traveled: 4,200. Reaching Alturas, California, Jackson and Crocker stopped to wait for the tires. After 63 days on the road, the expedition reached New York. Crocker made repairs, but a fuel leak caused them to lose all of their available gasoline, and Jackson rented a bicycle for Crocker to travel 25 miles (40km) to Burns, Oregon, for fuel. Jackson was possessed of a deep thirst for adventure, and his remarkable story chronicles the very beginning of the restless road trips that soon became a way of life in America. The film features many old songs, framed by a popular number from 1914 called "He'd Have to Get Under Get Out and Get Under (to Fix Up His Automobile)". Yesterday the framer drove in for miles to see my machine and there has been a hundred people around the livery stable since our arrival. , At the time of Horatio Jackson's trek, only 150 miles of paved road existed in the country, and gas stations and road maps were non-existent. What there was however, was a loose patchwork of wagon and horse trails connecting the sparse fabric of humanity. Keep in mind that most of what we knew about getting around the countryside at this time was oriented around the range of travel comfortable for your horse which on average was onlyabout 10-20 miles. Director Ken Burns Writer Dayton Duncan Stars Keith David (voice) Tom Hanks (voice) Adam Arkin (voice) The jaunt will not only be a trip back in history, but a clash of early 20th and 21st century technologies. [1] He graduated with an MD degree from the University of Vermont in 1893, became a physician, and practiced in Brattleboro and Burlington. Documentary film maker Ken Burns produced a film, Horatio's Drive, for PBS. With them they brought little more than a couple of coats, some protective canvas suits, a couple of sleeping bags, some blankets, canteens, a water bag, an ax, a shovel, a telescope, some bicycle repair tools, a few spare parts, a block and tackle, extra cans gasoline and oil, a camera, a rifle, a shotgun, and a couple of pistols. The rough and tumble wagon trails which they followed, combined with the noisiness of their Winton, rendered them unable to tell when they would lose valuable items off the back of the car. This is a carousel. The state of Vermont was so alarmed that it passed a law requiring every auto to be preceded down the street with a person waving a red flag. 2023 Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). "From Sea to Sea in a Horseless Carriage", Dr. H.N. H. Nelson Jackson (Vermont physician) In the spring of 1903, at a time when many people thought that the automotive industry had no future and that cars were merely an invention aimed at fun, Jackson accepted a $50 bet to prove that it was possible to drive a car from San Francisco to New York City. The canine was quickly fitted with a pair of goggles and, from then on, got second billing only to the "whizz wagon," as one newspaper called the "Vermont. With lots of love to all I am yours.NelsonP.S. Last summer I received a letter that had been carried by the Pony Express. Jackson was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on March 25, 1872, a son of Samuel Nelson Jackson (18381913) and Mary Anne (Parkyn) Jackson (18431916). They were also given a 108-mile (174km) misdirection by a woman so that she could send them to the spot where her family could see an automobile.[6]. My darling Swipes. Long before the interstates, there was a Winton / Indiana auto enthusiast about to reprise first-ever S.F.-to-N.Y. journey by car, winton_6/16/2003_COLOR (kinda)_3star_A-Section_a1_22p8 x full_steve, 6026, winton3_mon_B/W_3star_A-Section_a9_34p6 x 7.5i_brooks, winton4_mon_B/W_3star_A-Section_a9_10p10 x 3i_brooks, Kesling_6/16/2003_B/W_5star_A-Section_a9_10p10 x 3''_steve, 6026, Horoscope for Friday, 3/03/23 by Christopher Renstrom, No seriously, dont drive up to Tahoe this weekend, Wife of Jeffrey Vandergrift issues somber update, Snowboarder dies at Tahoe ski resort following historic blizzard, Horoscope for Saturday, 3/04/23 by Christopher Renstrom, The Warriors broke Russell Westbrook, just like old times, Scream publicity stunt floods Bay Area dispatch with 911 calls, Oakland ransomware attackers leak 'confidential' data, Mochi muffin bakery closes SF cafe after just 4 months, Rain reenters Bay Area forecast: Have an umbrella near you, The best fried chicken is at a San Francisco strip club, Smithsonian National Museum of American History, 10 beach essentials to pack for a spring break vacation, 14 things you need in your car before you drive to Tahoe. Making matters worse, these trails were generally considered informaland werent typically mapped with any senseof care or accuracy. (Hollister Jackson was serving as Lieutenant Governor of Vermont when he died in the Great Vermont Flood of 1927. Article from American Heritage . I am always amazed by the hot air balloon gondolas on display, seeing how small they are while reading, Read More A Sky Full of Adventure at the Balloon MuseumContinue, I dont know what it is about windmills, but whenever I see one of the old classic designs out on the prairie, I just want to stop and take a picture. Jackson was unable to replenish the tire he blew but was however able to purchase some slightly used inner tubes. The journey was arduous and slow, but their trip made headlines wherever they went. In Oregon, their path would often require them to ford streams some of which were quick and easy while others would require them to get out, affix the block and tackle and man-haul their trusty steed across the raging torrents. "Why did you send us way down there?" Dr. Jackson started his trek in San Francisco in a 20-horsepower Winton touring car he called "Vermont" (honoring the state in which he and his wife Bertha lived), and the final destination was Burlington, Vermont. We focus on Mountain and Action Sports, Travel, Recreation, and the inspirational personalities that make up the New North American Western Lifestyle. Driving Directions to Prescott, AZ including road conditions, live traffic updates, and reviews of local businesses along the way. Here they prepare to light the acetylene gas headlamps. This allowed them to avoid the higher passes in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains. The trouble started with a flat tire near Hayward and, from then on, he and Crocker were alternately working on the car, pulling it out of mud holes, teetering on the edge of cliffs or simply getting lost. Bud became an efficient watchman and was left in front seat at all stops to guard the car and equipment. She extracted the Maxwell from washouts and mudholes with block and tackle, a jack, even fence rails under the wheels. An article in the. So Bud is now with us.We stopped at Nampa and had lunch at the Dewey Hotel. At first they lost their cookware, but while still in California, Jackson also lost his glasses. Steve Perkins, Executive Director of the Vermont Historical Society, gives us a little background, before launching into the fascinating story of Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson. ", "Col. Nelson Jackson: The Man Who Spent $8,000 to Win a $50 Bet" Martin Sheridan. The list price 100 years ago for Jackson's 1903 Winton Touring Car was $2,500, about $50,000 in today's money. A former U.S. Forest Service firefighter, he has traveled extensively and covered a wide variety of issues during his career, including the Beijing Olympics, Hurricane Katrina, illegal American tourism in Cuba and a 40-day cross country car trip commemorating the history of automobile travel in America. Jackson's trip started in a hastily purchased Winton that he named the "Vermont" four days after he made the bet. It is Near Soda Springs in Caribou County Idaho, 3. In the spring of 1903, Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson became the first person to cross the United States in a car, following portions of what is now US 30 in Idaho and Wyoming. In 1903, H. Nelson Jackson, Sewall Crocker, This growing glimmer of hope eventually attracted the attention of the Press, who would anticipate their next town arrival and show up to document their adventures. Everything that can break has broken already.". While it was neither, the people's curiosity had been aroused from a report that an automobile was coming this way, and that if they wished to see it pass it was necessary to have a seat in the front row, otherwise it might go through at the rate of 90 miles an hour, and would be out of sight before they could run a block.It drove in sight at just 4 o'clock and the crowds surged forward to get a first look at a real live auto, a machine that nine-tenths of the people of Lake county had never seen.